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Introduction: The level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) associated with the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms was assessed. Risk factors for mental health in the Polish population have been identified. Material and methods: Nine hundred and twenty-six respondents completed a set of questionnaires consisting of questions concerning COVID-19, PTSS related to the COVID-19 outbreak (Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R), and their mental health status (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, DASS-21). Results: Most respondents reported severe PTSS related to the COVID-19 outbreak (44.06%), the normal intensity of depressive symptoms (52.38%), anxiety symptoms (56.05%), and stress (56.48%). Almost 20% of Polish respondents were characterized by a severe or extremely severe level of stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms. Every seventh respondent reported an extremely severe level of depressive symptoms. Female gender, parental status, having a relationship, at least a two-person household were associated with higher PTSS or DASS-21 subscales. A few physical symptoms, a medical visit, quarantine, negative health evaluation, chronic diseases, knowledge about the increase in the number of infected people or deaths were associated with higher levels of PTSS. Some of the precautions and the need for additional information on COVID-19, the certainty of a high COVID-19 contracting probability or of a low survival rate, and concerns about the loved ones were associated with higher PTSS. Conclusions: The indicated risk factors can be used for developing psychological interventions to improve mental health. It is necessary to conduct qualitative research on the psychological reasons for the occurrence of mental symptoms during the pandemic.
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Background: Dentists and dental auxiliaries are considered at high risk for the spread of COVID-19 due to their direct contact with the patient's oral cavity. The stress of being infected with the virus was high during the pandemic. This research aims to estimate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental assistants in Saudi Arabia during this pandemic. Methodology: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study used a pre-validated Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale with 21 Items (DASS-21) to assess the psychological impact on the mental health of dental assistants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was sent to the participants through the mail using Google Forms. One reminder email was sent after a week to fill out and submit the form. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel and later analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: The response rate was 75% (210 out of 280). Most participants were 20–40 years old and only 10 were above 50. Most participants were females (180) and were of non-Saudi origin. The results of a comparison of DASS scores between males and females were statistically significant (p = 0.001), with a higher mean total DASS score noted in males (20.03) compared to females (13.68). Conclusion: Healthcare workers in direct contact with patients, such as dental assistants, have a higher risk of contracting the infection, which increases their psychological stress and anxiety.
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Background: There is growing interest in parent-delivered interventions (PDI) for children with autism. Treatment fidelity has been associated with child outcomes in PDI but little is known about what impacts fidelity. One factor not previously examined is parents' resolution to the autism diagnosis which involves adjusting expectations about the child and sensitively responding to their cues, strengths and needs. Relatively little is known about resolution in the context of autism but there is evidence of an association between resolution and parent wellbeing. Method: The study adopted a mixed methods approach to examine whether there is an association between PDI fidelity and parent resolution to diagnosis, and whether resolution is associated with parent wellbeing. Parents of 31 preschool children diagnosed with autism who attended up to 12 Parent-delivered Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM) coaching sessions participated in the study. A thematic analysis of parent interviews was also undertaken to identify themes raised by resolved and unresolved parents in interviews. Results: There was no difference in overall mean fidelity scores between resolved and unresolved parents. Those classified as resolved had lower depression scores and parenting stress scores than parents classified as unresolved. The qualitative analysis revealed that parents' perceptions of their child's progress and their hopes for the future appeared to distinguish resolved and unresolved parents. Conclusions: Findings suggest that parent wellbeing and child progress may predict resolution which was not related to parent treatment fidelity in this study. Parent wellbeing and resolution status should be assessed at entry to PDI.
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Background: The development of depression and anxiety symptoms during long COVID may partly result from the biopsychosocial effects of COVID-19 that impact mental health, rather than from the infection alone. Aim: The present study examined the association of anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress levels with sociodemographic factors and symptom severity during and three months after the acute phase of COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 119 participants with a positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test. Three months after the acute phase of infection, participants completed an online survey to collect clinical information and sociodemographic data, followed by completion of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scales. Results: During and after infection, fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom. After the acute phase of COVID-19, substantial numbers of participants presented moderate to severe psychological distress (28.5%), severe to extremely severe depression (26.05%), and severe to extremely severe stress (31.09%). Female patients presented higher stress scores than males, while individuals who reported having lost a loved one presented high psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. The presence of physical symptoms after COVID-19 and other factors such as being a woman, being married, having children, or living with someone who suffers from a disease increased vulnerability to depression, stress, and anxiety. Conclusions: There are psychological consequences for survivors of COVID-19 associated with sociodemographic factors. Clinical strategies are needed to provide mental health care for individuals with long COVID symptoms. © 2022 IACFS/ME.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on the prevalence of stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among healthcare providers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (KSA, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google scholar for related studies published between January 2020 and April 2021 and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: Of the 1815 identified studies, 29 met the inclusion criteria, and 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of prevalence for moderate to severe anxiety as reported using GAD-7 was 34.57% (95% CI = 19.73%, 51.12%), that for moderate to severe depression using PHQ-9 was 53.12% (95% CI = 32.76%, 72.96%), and that for moderate to severe stress using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scales was 81.12% (95% CI = 72.15%, 88.70%). Meta-analysis was not performed for burnout due to the small number of identified studies and the different tools used;however, the highest prevalence was reported at 76% (95% CI = 64%, 85%). Overall, a positive trend was observed over time for moderate to severe anxiety and depression, p = 0.0059 and 0.0762, respectively. Of note, the heterogeneity was significant among the studies, and many studies were of poor quality. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health disorders during the current pandemic among healthcare workers in GCC countries is high. However, the results could be affected by the high heterogeneity and low quality studies. © 2022 [The Author/The Authors]
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Stress during Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the physiological and immunological response to women's reproductive health. Meanwhile, Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus are immunomodulators related to women's reproductive health. This investigation had a goal to examine the effectiveness of A. graveolens and E. globulus towards the expression of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) as the primary biomarker of stress, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) as a pro-inflammatory protein, along with Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) as folliculogenesis markers. An experimental randomized controlled trial was utilized by using a pre-test and post-test control group design. Sixty women, who had stress based on DASS-21 questionnaire, were divided into two groups in Nusukan Health Center, Indonesia. The intervention group was orally administered with 300 mg A. graveolens capsules and E. globulus essential oil for 14 days, while the control group was given a placebo. Blood samples and stress levels were then evaluated before and after the intervention. No significant difference was found in the stress levels of the control and treatment groups at the pre-test. Meanwhile, the intervention group had the decreased HSP70, TNF-alpha, and stress levels (p<0.001). In contrast, increased LH and GDF-9 levels were displayed in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). These findings revealed that A. graveolens supplementation and E. globulus essential oil have the ability to decrease stress and are able to protect folliculogenesis markers on women's reproductive health due to stressful conditions during pandemic COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 by Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (IJP).
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Background and Aims: This research examined anxiety, depression, and stress levels in female medical students during the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the association between these variables and family functioning, coping, and personality factors. Material(s) and Method(s): The cross-sectional online observational study was conducted using Google Forms. Anxiety, depression, and stress were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), family functioning using Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve, coping using Brief COPE, and personality using the Big Five Inventory 10-item version. Result(s): Out of 750 students, 500 thoroughly responded to the online survey. Based on the DASS-21 scores, 57.6% of participants had some stress, 63.4% had some anxiety, and 54.8% had some degree of depression. Anxiety, depression, and stress were highly correlated with each other. Stress, anxiety, and depression were weakly linked with problem-focused coping, moderately correlated with emotion-focused coping, and strongly correlated with avoidant coping. Better family functioning was associated with lesser self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression. Neuroticism was associated with higher anxiety, depression, and stress, while agreeableness and conscientiousness were with lower psychological distress. Conclusion(s): High level of psychological suffering was prevalent among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their anxiety, depression, and stress must be adequately managed. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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During the past few years, Americans have experienced a wide variety of stressors, including political tensions, racial/civil unrest, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. All of these have led to uncertainty within society. Chronic feelings of helplessness can lead to depression or feelings of hopelessness in those who perceive their situation as unchanging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of gardening and outdoor activities during the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of hope, hopelessness, and levels of depression, stress, and anxiety. Participants of this study were recruited through online social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram;458 participants completed the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale inventory as well as the Hope Scale. Our data indicated that individuals who self-reported themselves as gardeners had significantly more positive scores related to levels of stress, anxiety, and depression and a sense of hope. Furthermore, gardeners had lower levels of self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress when compared with those who did not identify themselves as gardeners. The gardeners also had a more positive outlook regarding hope for the future. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the number of hours spent participating in gardening and a sense of hope, and a negative correlation was found between the number of hours gardening and stress levels. Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of hours spent participating in any outdoor activity and self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, or depression;however, there was a positive correlation between the number of hours spent participating in any outdoor activity and a sense of hope. Our data suggested that more hours spent outside gardening or participating in recreational activities led to less perceived stress, anxiety, and depression and greater levels of hope for the future. © 2023, American Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has had severe impact on mental health and well-being of people around the globe. The uncountable loss of life, disruption of face-to-face health services and the uncertainty that followed raised concerns over mental health of all people. The impact was much worse in hospitalised covid-19 individuals. Most of the studies done on Covid-19 and mental health were focused on general population and health care workers. In our clinical practise, we observed an increased level of anxiety, stress and depression among hospitalised covid-19 individuals. Hence, we aim to assess the prevalence of psychological distress in these patients and there by validate our observation. Aims and Objectives: To assess the psychological impact of mild to moderate covid-19 disease in hospitalised patients. Material(s) and Method(s): A cross-sectional study was conducted in mild to moderate Covid-19 patients admitted to the tertiary care centre. A total of 501 patients filled 2 questionnaires - Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) and Psycho-Social Assessment scale (PSA), a self-structured questionnaire. Result(s): In the depression subscale of DASS-21, 141(28.1%) had mild depression, 101(20.2%) had moderate depression, and 8 (1.6%) had severe depression. In the anxiety subscale, 105(20.9%) had mild anxiety, 198 (39.5%) had moderate anxiety, 35 (7.0%) had severe anxiety and 3 (0.6%) had extremely severe anxiety. In the stress subscale, 132(26.4 %) had mild stress, 161(32.1%) had moderate stress and 51 (10.2%) had severe stress. Patients above 30 years of age had moderate anxiety and stress, with stress being statistically significant among all age groups and gender. There were about 70% prevalence rate in all subgroups in PSA scale with anxiety being highest with 78%. Conclusion(s): The present study is a frontrunner in exploring the spectrum of psychological distress in hospitalised individuals due to Covid-19 disease. The uncertainty that the pandemic has inflicted upon us and its associated social stigma and economic recession has led to widespread increase in stress, anxiety and depression on people, including youngsters. Government, policy-makers and treating physicians should continue to provide mental health evaluation as an essential health service in all covid-19 affected individuals for early risk stratification and prevention of any unfavourable outcome. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: We aimed to assess sleep quality and psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the context of mitigated governmental restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 370 HCWs from a single tertiary healthcare institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sleep quality and psychological distress were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21). Results: The median stress score for HCWs aged between 20 and 29 years was higher compared to HCWs aged between 30 and 39 years (p=0.002) and HCWs aged between 50 and 59 years (p<0.001). The median anxiety score of the age group between 20 and 29 years was also significantly higher compared to the age groups between 40 and 49 and 50-59 years (all p<0.05). HCWs living with family showed higher anxiety and depression scores compared to those living with non-family members (p=0.006 and p=0.005, respectively). Handling COVID-19 patients on multiple occasions during routine patient care was significantly associated with higher anxiety and depression scores among HCWs. The results also showed higher PSQI scores among younger HCWs (20-29 years) and trainees (all p<0.05). In addition, PSQI correlate significantly with depression (r=0.268) and anxiety (r=0.278) scores of DASS-21 scale (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Poor psychological well-being and sleep quality were observed among certain groups of HCWs, even after the mitigation of COVID-19 restrictions. This study highlights the need for strategies to manage HCWs at risk of developing psychological distress during future catastrophes.
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Parents and students want their experiences to be life-changing. The years spent in college are often a period of learning and development for many students. But obstacles like sorrow, despair, anxiety, sadness depression, though, can stand in the way. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among college students has significantly grown since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to a recent survey, severe depression and anxiety affect one in three college students. The early detection and treatment of depression can be aided by parents and students being aware of the risk factors and symptoms. In the present study, the validated DASS-21 scale was used as the evaluation tool. It was discovered that college students exhibit mild levels of stress, moderate levels of depression, and severe levels of anxiety. It was shown that female students were more likely than their male counterparts to experience psychological distress. Given the high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among students, support services and preventive measures must be put in place to assist all students, but especially those who are more prone to experiencing greater levels of these psychological illnesses. The present article is based on the study conducted among undergraduate students in Punjab. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Aim and objective: A study of prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among homemakers during the Covid pandemic. Background(s): Studies attempting to find out the mental health state among women in India, especially non-working class of women is very scarce but international studies suggest significant psychiatric morbidity among these class of population, and the current pandemic has had further negative impact on their mental wellbeing, hence this research is necessary to identify the pattern and severity of psychiatric illness which can further enlighten us in designing new protocols and special programs for the mental welfare of Women. materials and methodology: The current study was a cross-sectional, analytical study. This study was conducted from August 2020 to November 2020. This study had been conducted in three villages, which are located nearby our facility in Chennai, among homemaker women. This study had been proceeded after getting the ethical certificate from the institutional ethics committee. Once the study participants met the eligibility criteria, they were included in this study through convenient Sampling technique. The data tool consists of two parts: first, demographic variables like age, gender, place of residence, socio-economic status, and marital and employment status. Second, The DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety and Stress scale) questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the study participants. The inferential statistics were done using SPSS version 21. Conclusion(s): During the COVID-19 pandemic, depression, stress, and anxiety were very common among housewives. Nearly one-third of stay-at-home moms are overweight. All of the psychiatric illnesses investigated in this study are associated with higher socioeconomic level. Stress is associated with higher levels of education among homemakers. Women who don't get enough sleep are more likely to experience depression. Therefore, all of these Psychiatric health conditions must be taken into consideration as significant entities in similar pandemic situations in the future, especially among homemakers. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Background: Worldwide During the COVID-19 pandemic, several health implications affecting the psychological health were reported among vulnerable populations. These findings need to be investigated further among high-risk neonates and their mothers. Materials and the Methods: After obtaining ethical clearance from the Ethical committee at the Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University in Karad and obtaining informed consent from the participants, a descriptive study was carried out using the convenient sampling method to select fifty mothers whose neonates were being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. This study was carried out with the intention of gathering information about the participants. Structured questionnaire and Stress scale- A 21-item DASS questionnaire that was given to moms of newborns admitted to the NICU in order to examine demographic variables as well as the level of stress they were experiencing. Result(s): The findings showed that 50% of the newborn babies are in serious condition, 42% are in an improving condition, and 8% of the newborn babies are in good condition. During the time that their babies were being treated in the NICU, a total of 94% of moms had extremely severe levels of stress, and 6% of mothers experienced severe levels of stress. Conclusion(s): The findings of the study led the researchers to the conclusion that the majority of the mothers experienced moderate to severe stress as a result of the admission of their newborns to the NICU during the influenza pandemic. It was necessary to create an Information Booklet in order to lower the degree of stress that moms experience. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND Pulmonary resident physicians are part of the frontline workers for COVID-19 in the hospital and might require a suitable coping strategy to manage stress. Here, we described their mental health status and coping strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cohort study was done to evaluate stress, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies among pulmonary resident physicians in a tertiary referral hospital. Questionnaires were administered in 4 time points between August 2020 and June 2021. The DASS-21 questionnaire measured depression, anxiety, and stress, while Brief COPE instrument qualified the coping strategy. RESULTS The total respondents who filled the questionnaire in 4 time points in August 2020, October 2020, February 2021, and June 2021 were 60, 93, 96, and 94 resident physicians with mean stress levels of 4.3, 6.1, 5.4, and 6.3, respectively. Depression, stress, and anxiety were less frequent during the study period, mostly mild or moderate. However, moderate anxiety slightly increased in June 2021 when the pandemic reached its peak. Most of them (95.8%) had effective coping strategies related to religious beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Effective coping strategies might preserve the pulmonary resident physicians' mental health during the pandemic. Furthermore, the sociodemographic and cultural background might affect the coping strategy. Practicing religion and praying or meditating might be essential factors in coping with psychological distress and a key to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Authors.
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Introduction: Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health. In Nepal, COVID-19 positive cases have to self-isolate at home in multi-generational and multi-family households. This could be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress-related health outcomes. Additionally, COVID-19 related stigma and fear of transmission may intensify depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study determined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their association with presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions among home isolated COVID-19 positives in the Karnali province, Nepal. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among 402 home isolated COVID-19 patients of Karnali province from January to May 2021 using "Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)". We interviewed patients to collect socio-demographic, DASS-21, COVID-19 symptoms, comorbid conditions, and self-treatment. We conducted a telephonic interview using a standardized questionnaire using Kobotoolbox. We calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine their association with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions. In multivariate logistic regression, we adjusted sociodemographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, monthly family income, education level), smoking status and history of self-treatment. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were conducted in R (version: 4.0.3). Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients were 8.0% (95% CI: 5.5 to 11.1), 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 to 14.7), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.3 to 6.4) respectively. Higher odds of depression symptoms (aOR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.10-7.44, p = 0.03), anxiety symptoms (aOR: 3.81; 95% CI: 1.62 to 8.93; p = <0.01) and stress symptoms (aOR: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.43 to 42.28; p = 0.02) were associated significantly with presence of COVID-19 symptoms in past week. Higher odds of anxiety symptoms were associated with the presence of comorbid conditions (aOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.09 to 7.80; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were present in a significant proportion of home isolated COVID-19 patients in western Nepal and positively associated with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms. In this global COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to provide timely counseling to high-risk groups like those with comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms to maintain a high level of mental health among home isolated COVID-19 patients.
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Background: The development of depression and anxiety symptoms during long COVID may partly result from the biopsychosocial effects of COVID-19 that impact mental health, rather than from the infection alone. Aim(s): The present study examined the association of anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress levels with sociodemographic factors and symptom severity during and three months after the acute phase of COVID-19. Method(s): This cross-sectional study included 119 participants with a positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test. Three months after the acute phase of infection, participants completed an online survey to collect clinical information and sociodemographic data, followed by completion of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scales. Result(s): During and after infection, fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom. After the acute phase of COVID-19, substantial numbers of participants presented moderate to severe psychological distress (28.5%), severe to extremely severe depression (26.05%), and severe to extremely severe stress (31.09%). Female patients presented higher stress scores than males, while individuals who reported having lost a loved one presented high psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. The presence of physical symptoms after COVID-19 and other factors such as being a woman, being married, having children, or living with someone who suffers from a disease increased vulnerability to depression, stress, and anxiety. Conclusion(s): There are psychological consequences for survivors of COVID-19 associated with sociodemographic factors. Clinical strategies are needed to provide mental health care for individuals with long COVID symptoms. Copyright © 2022 IACFS/ME.
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Introduction: Abounding physical and mental exhaustion among the health care workers (HCW) during COVID-19 pandemic rekindled the need to acknowledge the psychological impact of this unprecedented stressful situation on the first-line warriors. The rising stress among the HCW during COVID duties for many months could have long-term effects on their personal and professional life. The situation necessitated presenting a feasible solution which can positively impact mental health. Patanjali's 'Kriya yoga' amalgamates several relaxation techniques, inclusively breath modulation, pranayama, mantra chanting, and asana holding, with a potential for stress management. The effects of 'Kriya Yoga' on EEG and perceived stress among the HCW were investigated. Method(s): Participants were recruited through digital advertisements. Those meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled in either intervention or control groups. The complete set of 'Kriya yoga' was taught to the subjects in the intervention group by a yoga expert. It included a set of six techniques comprising Breath awareness (Ana pana), Complete breath, Anulom Vilom (Alternate nostril breathing), Om chanting, Gayatri Mantra, and Shavasan (Deep Relaxation). The participants were required to practice it for a period of 6 weeks. Result(s): Data for EEG, electrodermal activity (EDA), perceived stress scale (PSS) scores and depression, anxiety and stress scores were collected at different time points. EEG was quantitatively (QEEG) analyzed for delta, theta, alpha, and beta power over several regions. We found improvement in the DASS-21 and PSS scores at the end of the practice sessions. The mean power for alpha frequency was increased in the frontal, central, and parietal regions, and for delta range was raised over the central and parietal areas. The tonic skin conductance level revealed a reduction in stress among the practitioners. The participants reported a subjective feeling of calmness, well-being, and ease of practice. Conclusion(s): 'Kriya yoga' is an easily deliverable intervention for stress mitigation among the HCW. It leads to relaxation, a decrease in anxiety, and a reduction in perceived stress. The long-term psychophysiological effects of Kriya yoga practice are depicted by the changes in the power of brain waves and EDA. The proposed intervention can be a model for the mental health well-being of the HCW in stressful circumstances. Copyright © 2022
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A global pandemic of Coronavirus appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan and spread globally. The objective behind the study was to find out the impact of COVID-19 on mental status and quality of life of physical therapists of Pakistan. This cross-sectional survey was carried out from August 2020 to January 2021. Data was collected online and personally from teaching and practicing physiotherapists working in universities and in departments of rehabilitation sciences of hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A sample of 110 physiotherapists was selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Standardized questionnaires including Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), World Health Organization-Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used to assess depression, anxiety, stress, fear and quality of life. Out of 110 physiotherapists, 48 were males and 62 were females. Through DASS-21, it was assessed that the prevalence of psychological distress was 40.0%, anxiety was 57.3% and depression was 40%. Scores on all four sub-scales of WHOQOL depicted that COVID-19 also impacted the quality of life of physiotherapists including physical, psychological, social and environmental health related quality of life. Similarly, through IES-R, it was assess that 35.5% physiotherapists were having mild to severe level of fear regarding COVID-19. This study concludes us that COVID-19 has a great impact on mental health and quality of life of physiotherapists during this pandemic. Copyright © Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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Around 20,3% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients require treatment in the ICU with mortality rate of 40%. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 causes stress for the patient's family members. The degree of stress can be measured using the DASS-42 questionnaire. Cortisol is an indicator of body's response to stress through HPA axis. Hair cortisol levels can reflect HPA activity. This study aims to observe the correlation between stress levels and hair cortisol levels in families of COVID-19 patients. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. There were 23 research subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, the DASS-42 questionnaire was utilized which then filled out by the subject and sampling the subject's hair to measure hair cortisol levels on the 1st day of treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The findings revealed that there was no significant relationship between the degree of stress and hair cortisol levels in the families of COVID-19 patients (p>0.05). Hair cortisol levels were within normal range. The degree of stress was not related to hair cortisol levels. Further studies involving multicenters with larger samples and longer observations are needed to confirm the results of this study. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Background: On top of adjusting to the societal shifts and emotional stressors faced by everyone, health care workers are also confronted by stressors such as an increased risk of exposure, extreme workloads, moral dilemmas, and a dynamic practice environment that differs greatly from what was familiar. These can lead to burnout, a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that results from long-term involvement in work situations that are emotionally demanding. General Objective: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that intends to measure the degree of burnout and determine its association with depression, anxiety, and stress among health care workers in Chong Hua Hospital Mandaue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The data collection process entailed the researchers' physical and online administration of a questionnaire which included the health care workers' socio-demographic data and questions lifted from both the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) 42-item. Also included was an open-ended questionnaire to enumerate outbreak-specific contributors to burnout. Result(s): 222 health care workers were surveyed. Almost half (98, 44.2%) of the health care workers registered moderate to high overall burnout scores on the CBI but none of them had severe burnout. The degree of burnout was determined to be moderately associated with all three negative emotional states using the Cramer's V coefficient: depression (V = .448), anxiety (V = .378), and stress (V = .415). The foremost factor identified to be a contributor to burnout was the high workload which was exacerbated by the onset of the pandemic. Conclusion(s): The study showed that burnout and the negative psychological states of depression, anxiety, and stress, are prevalent in health care providers with results comparable to other global studies. The contributors to burnout identified by the respondents were either present pre-pandemic but were aggravated by it and those which were outbreak-specific. Copyright © 2022, Philippine College of Physicians. All rights reserved.